<論説>チュルク族の始祖傳説について : 沙陀朱耶氏の揚合

Abstract

チュルク族の始祖傳說が、ウラル・アルタイ諸族の中、ツングース、モンゴル諸族のそれと相對比して孜えらるべきものをもつことは、すでに認められている。しかもチュルク族始祖傳說の中、その基本類型とみられる狼人交合傳說の地に、ここに扱う沙陀朱耶氏の始祖傳說は全然異れる、鳥の始祖養育の面をもつのであり、これはチュルク族以外にも廣く見出されるものではあるが、チュルク族としては、はるか烏孫の昆莫傳說との間に連繋が見出される。しかも朱耶氏の始祖傳說をつたえる記載が、南部新書と五代史補の兩書の間にかなりの相違點をもつことも問題となる。すなわち、南部新書の記載では鳥の始祖養育をいうに對して、五代史補の記事では鵰窠における異常出生をいうにすぎず、この間、漢入記録家による外族始祖傳說の合理化が考えられるのである。

It is generally accepted by most orientalists that legends on the origin of fhe Turks should be interpreted in the light of comparison with origin legends of such Ural-Altaic peoples as the Mongols and the Tungus. The legend of the Turks that their ancestor was a wolf married to a human being constitutes a basic pattern of their origin legends. There is, however, another kind of legends on the origin of the Chu-ye clan of the Sha-t'o tribe that their ancestor was brought up by a bird. This kind of legends is also found among other peoples than the Turkic tribes, and it seems to have been connected with remoter legends of K'un-mo, ancestor of the U-sun. But there is a difference between the description of the Nan-pu-shin-shu and that of the Wu-tai-shih-chi; the former says that the Chu-ye clan's ancestor was brought up by a bird, while the latter that he was born in the nest of an eagle. Such a difference seems to have derived from the rationalistic interpretation by Chines historians of the origin legend of an alien race.