<論説>越前国東大寺領庄園の経営

Abstract

初期庄園の典型とされる奈良時代の越前国東大寺領諸庄園経営の実態を当時の政治過程と連関せしめて具体的に考察するため、まず造東大寺司の官人であつた安都雄足や生江東人が越前国史生・足羽郡大領として赴任したことから造東大寺司による東大寺領の官司的経営の特性を把握し、ここから桑原庄の賃租経営の実態は公田 (乗田) 賃租と相似の関係にあるものと認め、惹て越前は造東大寺司の一経済源を構成したものではないかと推考した。次に品遅部広耳・生江東人等の地方豪族の寄進墾田により成立した鯖田国富庄や道守庄の経営にみる賃租は直接耕作民との関係を示すものでなく、常に地方豪族を媒介として経営され、ここに桑原庄が早く荒廃したに対し、後者が平安中期まで存続した要因を求めた。又造東大寺司を通じた庄園経営は越前に勢力を扶植していた藤原仲麻呂の失脚を契機として、東大寺三綱の手に移り、私営田領主化せんとする地方豪族との間に緊張が生じた。

The object of this essay is to illustrate some of the actual conditions of the Echizen manors of the Todaiji in connection with the political aspect of the day. First of all, I pointed out the appointments of Atono-Otari and Ikue-no-Azumando, the Zotodaijishi (造東大寺司), to the shisho (史生) of Echizen and the tairyo (大領) of Asuwa-gun (足羽郡) respectively, and the beaurocratic management of the manors resulted from this policy of the Temple. This fact is, in itself, enough to explain the manorial management----the chinso (賃租) management----similar with that of the koden (公田), and that the Echizen district was one of the most important financial sources of the Zotodaijishi. Secondly, my attention was directed to those manors of Sabatakunitomi-no-sho (鯖田國富庄) and Chimori-no-sho (道守庄), which originated from the cultivations and contributions rendered by such local magnets as Honchibe-no-Hiromimi and Ikue-no-Azumando. So we see here a different type of tenure----the seigneurial relationship not with the direct producers, but with the magnets, and herein lies the powerful reasons why these manors survived far into the Heian era. But with the fall of Fujiharano-Nakamaro who had swayed these estates the government of the Echizen manors was taken into the Todaiji-Sango (東大寺三綱), and there started the struggles with the local magnets.