<論説>村落を構成する同族祭団 : 丹波国於与岐村の株と株講

Abstract

中丹波の一山村於与岐が、村氏神をめぐり整然たる宮座組織をもつ一方、株という同族結合をその構成原理とし、且つそれが株講と呼ぶ同族協祭の慣行を以て、重層的に鮮かな祭団群を形成して居る現在の伝承を介して、族制と祭祀の構造関係を見、次に近世の文献を通じ、そうした村落構成と同族結合との問の歴史的関係を推定することによって、従来の歴史学と民俗学の平行関係にも幾つかの交叉のある事を実証しようと試みたものである。

According to a tradition the villagers of Oyoki (於与岐) were organized into a sort of gild called miyaza (宮座) and grouped themselves into tribal combinations. These combinatons were called kabu (株) and their members were knit together with the worship of their ancestral god. They were, so to speak, the sectarians who constituted the kō (講) which was made the center of their sacred practice. Now, on the other hand, we are favored with some documents which tell of the peculiar conditions of the village. The aim of this article is to trace the relations between the folkloric tradition and the actual communal structure and thereby to contribute to the understanding of the folklorics from the historical viewpoint.