<論説>神統譜の展開 : 氏族系譜と神々の位置

Abstract

記紀神統譜の最終的完成期が、天武朝をピークとする七世紀後半より八世紀初葉の時期である事は、多言を要しない。しかしそれ以前に神統譜の形成がなかつたわけではない。実は世襲王制の確立と発展の中で、系譜が文字化し、ヤマト朝廷の危機と昂揚の中で、皇室系譜を中心とする、各氏族系譜の統一がなされていつたのである。従って五世紀より七世紀前半までの神統譜の成立期が改めて検討される必要が生ずるわけだ。本研究は、これを氏族系譜における「今」の問題を中心に追究し、その成立期を三つの時期に推定し、神統譜の出発点をなす神々の問題より、更にその上限と下限の問題を推し進めんとしたものである。主として紀記の氏族系譜及びタケミカヅチ神と中臣氏、及びアメノヒナトリ命と出雲氏の問題を取扱つたが、六世紀後半より七世紀前半にかけての時期が、神統譜の定着化を考察する上で、きわめて重要な時点であり、それが宮廷儀礼と関連する所がある事を明らかにしたつもりである。こうした神統譜展開の複雑さが、ヘーシオドスの神統紀等とは質的に性格を異ならしめる所以でもある。

The final settlement of the theogony of Kiki was most certainly accomplished in the course of the end of 7 th century through the beginning of 8 th century, the dynasty of Temmu having been the most important stage. However, there had been preceding stages. In fact, genealogies had come to be recorded with letters through the period of the establishment and the development of the hereditary kingship, and the unification of the genealogy of the royal family with that of other families had been being made in those years of the crisis and then the prosperity of the royal court.Thus it is necessary to study the earlier stage of the development of the theogony, covering 5 th century through the earlier half of 7 th century. This essay intends to discuss Ima (present time, 今) in the family genealogies, the division of their growth into three stages, and the earliest and the latest periods of the development of the theogony. From the study of the family genealogies in Kiki, the relation between Takemikazuchi-no-kami and Nakatomi-uji, and that between Amenohitonari-no-mikoto and Izumo-uji, it has been clarified that the period of the later half of 6th century through the earlier half of 7th century was important in the course of the settlement of the theogony, which was connected with the rituals at the royal court. Such a complicated development as in the theogony of Kiki makes it differ in quality from Theogonia by Hesiodus and other theogonies.