<論説>長州藩における慶応軍政改革

Abstract

明治維新の主体を改革派同盟から直ちに論じたとき、成立した維新政権の階級配置との相違に直面する。その矛盾は、従来の諸論稿が、討幕派のもつとも重要な時期＝慶応期に焦点を合せた具体的分析を行わずに、文久・元治期から一挙に維新政権の指導・同盟関係を論じたことに基因すると考えられる。かかる意味で、討幕派の主要な一翼たる長州藩の慶応期の分析は当然果さねばならぬ課題であろう。しかし、ここでは視点を慶応元～二年 (一八六五～六) の軍政改革において追及した。それは変革期においては、とくに軍事力に端的に指導・同盟関係が示され、改革派同盟と対比してその差を明確になしうると思つたからである。この慶応軍政改革による討幕派「軍事官僚」の指導権の確立－それが本稿の課題であり、結論でもある。

Trying to trace the bearer of the Meiji Restoration directly to the league of reform parties, one will find its difference from the class disposition in the estoration administration. This contradiction seems to be caused by the interpretation of accepted articles which discussed leadership-league relation of the Restoration administration from the Bunkyu-Genji (文久・元治) era at a leap, without any concrete analysis focusing the most important period for the anti-Shogunate party or the Keio (慶応) period. Therefore, the analysis of the Choshu (長州) clan in the Keio period as a main wing of the anti-Shogunate is the subject to be carried out. In this article our point is set in the reformation of military administration in the 1st and 2nd years of Keio (1865-66), for the reason why leadership-league relation appears plainly in military power especially in the revolutionary stage, to reveal its difference from the league of reform parties. Establishment of leadership by "military officers" in the anti-Shogunate----this is the very subject of this article and also our conclusion.