<論説>守護赤松氏の領国支配と嘉吉の変

Abstract

南北朝内乱期より応仁文明大乱期への時代は政治史の上において室町幕府＝守護領国制の展開期として把握される。この時期における幕府権力と守護の領国支配との関係、および、守護領国における守護大名の領主権の実体、在地勢力の動向を究明することが本稿の目的である。素材として赤松氏の領国をとりあげたのは、赤松氏がこの時期に、殊に在地勢力の成長の著しい畿内周辺に守護領国を形成し、同時に幕府権力の有力なる一環をも構成した守護大名であり、かつ室町幕府＝守護領国制が破綻を暴露する一契機ともなつた嘉吉の変の当事者でもあり、赤松氏が播磨の一土豪的存在から播備作三国にわたる守護領国を形成し、しかも嘉吉の変によつて没落して行く過程の究明は、如上の目的に添いうる好箇の素材たり得ると考えたからである。まず (一) 赤松氏の守護領国形成の様相をたずね、次に (二) 室町幕府専制下における赤松氏の領国支配の実体を考察し、(三) 嘉吉の変において室町幕府＝守護領国制が如何なる破綻を暴露するかを、在地勢力との関係をその底辺に置きつつ考えてみた。

The period from the Civil War between the north and the south dynasties to the wars between Ônin (応仁) and Bunmei (文明) was considered as the developing era of Shugoryokoku (守護領国) system or the Muromachi (室町) Shogunate in the political history. It is the subject of this article to study the relation between the shogunate power and shugo (守護) 's territorial government, substance of the lord's power as shugo in his territory, and the movement of the resident powers in this period. We take the Akamatsu (赤松) 's territory as a material, because Akamatsu established his territory in this period in the vicinity of Kinai (畿内) where the resident powers grew even remarkably, and he was a leading member of the shogunate government and a concerned party of the upheaval of Kakitsu which partly led to and disclosed the wreck of the shugo 's territorial system or the Muromachi shogunate; it is fit for our explanation to study the process from the beginning of the Akamatsu's former position as a country samurai in Harima (播磨) to the establishment of his territory in Harima, Bizen (備前), and Mimasaka (美作) countries, culminating to his ruin through the upheaval of Kakitsu. The contents of ourstudy are as follows; at first how shugo Akamatsu's territory was established, secondly what Akamatsu's government was under the absolute rule of the Muromachi shogunate, and then what kind of the wreck shugo's territorial system or the Muromachi shogunate disclosed in the upheaval of Kakitsu, having its relation with the resident powers.