<論説>漢代の勧農政策 : 財政機構の改革に関連して

Abstract

さきに加藤繁氏は、前漢時代の財政機構が帝室財政と国家財政との二本建となつていることをあきらかにされた。このような財政機構のありかたは戦国時代にまで溯及しうるものであり、この問題はその後、宮崎市定氏によつて、また最近増淵龍夫氏によつてそれぞれの分野に発展せしめられた。(「中国古代賦税制度」・「先秦時代の山林藪沢と秦の公田」) ところが二本建財政は前漢一代で終りをつげ、後漢以後は、国家財政一本建となつてしまつた。この後漢以後の問題を、勧農政策との関連の上からとりあげてみたものが小論である。そしてわたくしは本論において、財政機構の変容と勧農政策のありかたを通じて、後漢時代を隋唐国家体制の出発点と考えた。

Double financial mechanism of Shao-fu (少府) (royalfinancial organization) and Ta-ssu-nung (大司農) (state financial organization) in the Former Han (前漢) period was completely equipped into a single mechanism of Ta-ssu-nung in the Later Han (後漢) period, and at once, in the Former Han period organizations for agricultural policy, such as Tu-shui (都水), nung-chien (農監) and so on, under immediate control of Ta-ssu-nung and Shao-fu were transferred to Chün-hsien (郡県). This means the agricultural policy of an absolute empire situated on fundamental relationship of Chün-hsien system's grap. This local transference, through colonization, was to promote middle or small peasantry under the control of state-power, culminating in the political system of the T'ang (唐) dynasty; in other words such growing system seemed to be a prote-type of the T'ang dynasty. In conclusion, we may say that the political system in the Later Han period played a great rôle for posterity.