<論説>南宋の四川における張浚と呉玠 : その勢力交替の過程を中心として

Abstract

建炎四年 (一一三〇) の富平の決戦に敗れた宣撫処置使張浚は紹興元年 (一一三一) 根拠地を嘉陵江中流域の要衝閲州に後退して本格的な四川の防衛体制の整備に務めたが、異例の大権を付与され、現実に陜西の精鋭と四川の富財とを掌握した宣撫処置使の権勢は、一方急速に主体性を増大してきた南朱権力の利害と対立し、紹興三年から六年迄の間に解消された。ところがこれに対して当初は微弱な宣撫処置使の一外郭勢力に過ぎなかつた武将呉玠はまさしく右の期間に勢力を急増し、彼の歿時たる紹興九年には既に武将宣撫使として七・八万の兵力と歳額四千万緡の財計とを左右する不抜の権勢を誇示していた。呉玠が如上の抬頭をなし得た所以は勿論天才的な軍事能力を駆使して四川を金軍から防衛したその実績が認められた結果であつたが、然も彼の巨大な兵力・財力は結局宣撫処置使のそれを基本的に継承したものであり、さすれば南宋権力の宣撫処置使対策も又その抬頭に拍車をかけたのである。

Chang-chün 張浚, who was Hsüan-fu-ch'u-chih-shih 宣撫処置使 and was authorized with the power equal to a sovereign by the Nan-sung 南宋 dynasty, established the base in Lang-chou 閬州 of Szŭ-ch'uan-shêng 四川省 after 1131 A. D., and defended against Chin 金 army by the power which consisted of the so-called strongest soldiers in Shen-si-shêng 陝西省 and the abundant property in Szŭ-ch'uan 四川. As this Chang-chêng's power was an obstacle to the Nan-sung dynasty which had tried to rule Szŭ-ch'uan-shêng under direct control, the Nan-sung administration, from '33, to '36, divided the rights of military, financial, and civilcontrol with which Hsüan-fu-ch'u-chih-shih was endowed into independent institutions of Hsüan-fu-shih 宣撫使, Tu-chuan-yun-szŭ 都転運司, and Chih-ch'u-szŭ 制置司 each. On the other hand, Wu-chieh 呉玠, who was an officer of Chang-chün's command with a weak power in '31, between '33 and '36, grew to grasp the military and financial power which Chang-chün had in '39 to hold eighty thousand soldiers and forty million min 緡 revenue a year; this rapid development was due not only to his personal talent, but to the readjustment policy by the Nan-sung dynasty.