<研究ノート>佐賀藩の点役方小庄屋

Abstract

佐賀藩で配分地 (知行地) の村々には、一つの村に石方庄屋と点役庄屋の二人の小庄屋が置かれていた。本来点役庄屋は石方庄屋より優位の庄屋であつたが、次第に石方庄屋に圧倒され、後期には小庄屋の格を失い、幕末には郷にまとめられて、大庄屋が兼任することが多かつた。点役庄屋の主な職貴には夫役の賦課・夫料米の取立ての外に、本来夫料米としての意味をもつた反米や大小庄屋料・竹木買料等の取立てがあり、また夫役に無関係のことに運上銀等の取立てがあつた。これらはその一部或は全部が本藩の収入となる性質のもので、配分地の小庄屋も点役庄屋の方は本藩の息がかかつていた。しかし配分も大配分になると相当大幅の自治権があり、大配分地の点役庄屋の立場は双方に挾まれて時には微妙なものがあつたらしい。

Two Koshôya 小庄屋, Myôkata-shôya 名方庄屋 and Tenyakushôya 点役庄屋, were put over each village in the distributed lands Chigyôchi 知行地) villages of the Saga clan. Originally Tenyaku-shôya was superior to Kokukata-shôya 石方庄屋, but gradually it was overwhelmed by Kokukata-syôya, later lost its rank as a Koshôya, and in the late Shogunate period arranged into Gô 郷, being hold by a concurrent Ôshôya 大庄屋 in many casses. In the main tasks of Tenyahu-shôya were imposition of labor service, levy of not only Furyômai 夫料米 but Tanmai 反米 which originally meant Furyômai, O-koshôya-ryô 大小庄屋料, and Chikubokukairyô 竹木買料, or levy of Unjôgin 運上銀 and others free of labor service. These were partly or all kinds of the Clan's revenue, and of Koshôya in the distributed lands Tenyaku-shôya was of the clan, but a large distributed land had a considerably large self-government then the situation of Tenyaku-shôya in the large distributed lands seemed to be delicate between two factors.