<論説>シュトレーゼマン外交とヴァイマル共和政の安定

Abstract

ヴァイマル共和政の安定期 (一九二四年～二九年) のはじめとおわりは、シュトレーゼマン外交の展開された時期のはじめとおわりにほぼ一致を見ている。この一致が偶然のものでないことは、これまでも概親書などでしばしば指摘されてきたが、しかし、そのことを充分に整理された形で説明した研究は、まだ見当らないようである。私はこの論文においては、さし当りシュトレーゼマンの西方政策のドイツ国内政治に対する影響に焦点をしぼつて、この園難な仕事ととりくんでみた。そしてその結果、シュトレーゼマンの西方政策をめぐつて形成された広汎な政党フロントが、ヴァイマル共和政の安定を支える一つの大きな要因になつていたことを確認することができた。このような結論は、ヴァイマル共和政の崩壊の問題に接近する場合の、一つの有力な手がかりを提供するものだとおもう。

The problem of the "collapse" of the Weimar Republic has generally been the most important theme in the historical studies of that period. In order to get the possibly reasonable solution of this problem, it is necessary for us to clarify the character of the "stability" of the Republic, which continued from 1924 to 1929. Because, the process of the "collapse" came as a result of the disapperance of factors, which were effective in supporting the "stability" during these six years. In this paper, our aim is to illustrate some aspects of Stresemann's foreign policy, especially his policy toward the West, which covered almost the same period and was also playing a significant role as one of the stabilizing factors in the Republic. With the Western policy of Stresemann in the centre, there was formed a wide front of the German political parties from the Social Democrats to the right-wing parties, because each of these parties was interested in the promotion of this policy for its own respective reason. Under the circumstances of that time, however, a necessary requisite for the effective promotion of Stresemann's "understanding" policy toward the west was to conduct the domestic policies on the basis of the Weimar constitution. This was why the political parties on the front were forced more or less to recognize this republican constitution and also why the stability of the Republic was kept all through the period, with which we are concerned.