<論説>御成敗式目原文の研究

Abstract

私は、三〇余本の 「式目註釈書」 の古写本・古刊本を調査し、略、その作業をおえたので、昨秋、それを読史会で報告した。式目註釈書中には、奉行家には夫々伝襲の 「家本」 式目本があつたことや、式目原本の保管者は誰か、式目本の 「大いさ・書き様」も奉行家によつて、きまつたものがあつたと云い、 「他家本」 と異る文字には、校註したものさえある。私は、この調査で、 「間注所証本」 が式目原本であると推定し、その転写本の系統立てを試み、鶴岡本を台本にとり、佐藤進一氏の 「中世法制史料集一」 補註にあげた七〇項の文字字句について、式目並にその註釈着の古写本・古刊本三四本をとつて、逐字的対校を試み、その親近関係を考えてみた。また、式目本の 「大いさ・書き様」 即ち、式目本の外形的特徴は、従来、あまり注目されてないが、これも亦、式目原文の研究に役立つと思われるので調べた。

I inquired into some 30 old manuscripts and publications of "Shikimoku Chûshaku-sho" 式目註釈書 (annotated editions of samurai precepts in the Kamakura 鎌倉 Shogunate), and having almost finished the investigation, I reported its results last autumn to the graduate meeting of Japanese History Dept. of the Kyoto Univer-sity. These annotated editions of Samurai precepts state that each magistrate had Kahon 家本 or his own traditional precept, who the custodian of the precept was, the size of the precepts and the style of writing were respectively defined by each magistrate and that the words which were different from other precepts were even annotated. I presumed that "Monchûsho Shôhon 問注所証本 was the original text of these precepts and tried to systematize the channels of transcription. Using the Tsrugaoka edition as a text, I compared and studied respective relation of 70 words and phrases quoted in supplementary notes of " Chûsei Hôsei Shiryôshû 中世法制史料集 Vol. 1" by Mr. Shinichi Satô, 佐藤進一 assistant professor of the Tokyo University, one by one among 34 old manuscripts and publications. I also studied external characteristics such as the size of the precepts and the style of writing to which little attention had been paid, since external characteristics would be helpful for the study of the original text of the precepts.