<論説>日中の畿内制度

Abstract

首都の附近に畿内という地域を劃することは、中国に創ってそれが我が国に及んで来たのである。中国の畿内制度は周礼に詐しく規定されているが、中国の中世において、初めてこの制度を実施したのは北魏の太祖道武布であって、その首都の平城附近に四至を定めて方千里の地域を劃して畿内とした。しかるにこの北魏の後身の一つである東魏・北斉では、その首都の鄴附近の十郡か或は八郡を以って畿内とした。この中国中世に行なわれた畿内の二つの型、即ち平城型と鄴型は、共に我が国に将来されて、共に行なわれた。我が大化の改新の場合の畿内制度は、平城型を採ったのであり、その後に行なわれた畿内制度は、鄴型を採ったものてある。

The Chi-Nei 畿内 system, which is said to have been established in ancient China, was explained in full detail in the Chou-Li 周礼; it was Tao-Wu-Ti 道武帝, the founder of Pê-Wei 北魏 dynasty, who first put this system into practice in medieval China. Chi-Nei consists in the area covering each five-hundred Li 里 to the north, east, and west from the Capital P'ing-Ch'êng 平城; which means the four-cornered Chi-Nei system. The Chi-Nei system in Tung-Wei 東魏 and Pê-ts'i 北斉, next to Pê-Wei different from the above-mentioned system, established Chi-Nei including eight or ten countries surrounding the Capital Yeh 鄴. These two different systems, both P'ing-Ch'êng style and Yeh style, were introduced into Japan as they were. As in Japan, at first, the four-cornered Chi-Nei system of P'ing-Ch'êng style was established, and then introducing the Yeh style Chi-Nei was established as including four or five countries near the Capital Kinai 畿内 in Taika Reformation 大化改新 was the P'ing-Ch'êng style and that in Asuka-Kyo 飛鳥京, Heijô-Kyô 平城京, or Heian-Kyô 平安京 was the Yeh style.