<論説>東大寺領摂津国猪名庄の歴史地理

Abstract

東大寺領猪名庄絵図は条里坪付のあること、地名、田積、田品その他の記載のあることで摂津国河辺郡の条里復元の手掛となり、また庄園内容を知る上の震要な資料となるべきものであるにもかかわらず従来必ずしもじゅう分な利用ができなかった。その第一の原因は絵図が写本であり、誤りの多いこと、従って僑用度に問題があったことにあるが、河辺郡 (主として尼崎市域) 自体についての研究不足もなかったとはいえない。小論は、こうした問題点をいくらかでも解決する目的から (一) 摂津国河辺郡の自然環境を堀りさげて追求し、 (二) 猪名庄の立地点を歴史地理学の立場で検討し、また (三)猪名庄絵図については記載内容を逐一検討を加えて信用できる程度のものに復元した上で、 (四)ミヤケより庄園への発展過程を解釈した。 その結果、班田地の外側の海岸低湿地に、輸中型の開発を進めてきたミヤケの施入を受けた東大寺は、更にその方法を進展させるとともに提防の囲い込みによって砂州と江への進出を試みて、ついに後年の鴨社との紛争の契機を生み出すことが明らかとなった。もちろん当該絵図は中世の作であり、寺側に有利に描かれている。

This article will throw light on and determine the point of location from its natural conditions in regard to Ina manor, one of the territories under the Tôdaiji Temple, and its process of cultivation by the ancient written plan. In the middle of the 8 th century, the land, under the rule of the Imperial Household before, was contributed to the Tôdaiji Temple; this neighborhood, as located at the end of the alluvial plain, was under remarkable development and was a hopeful manor. The plan of the Ina Manor, handed down to us and written about the 12th century with some mistakes, was the valuable material which told us the contents of the manor and the structure of the Jôri 条里 System. Erom the examination of the ancient plan, it has been made clear that three periods were expressed in this plan; that is, the periods of the Imperial Household's rule, of opening cultivation under the Tôdaiji's possession, and of the Tôdaiji's cultivation of the seaside district; and the very cultivating method, like Wajû 輪中 by circular banking, was adopted, showing a concentric circle at the core of the former Imperial Household's territory. The cultivation of the seaside districts, different from forest and field where land already existed, should be performed from creating land itself to be cultivated at first; but in this area was a distinguished formation of seaside sandbank from ancient times under the influence of topographical and meteorological conditions, which was of great use for the land creation, though on this relation to eustacy, to our regret, we have not yet decisive evidence.