<論説>領主と作人 : 延喜荘園整理令の再吟味

Abstract

請作を重視する最近の荘園経営研究の難点は、借耕者が耕作権をどのようにして獲得したかの究明である。従来の荘園研究は、請作重視論をも含めて、口分田・墾田・治田の私有性を強調するあまり、借耕者の存在を無視したり認めてもかれらの耕作権獲得のための努力を正当に評価し得なかった。この論文は、十紀世初頭に長期の耕作権が始めて容認され百姓の名による田地立券が抑止されたとの見解のもとに、従来一体視された地主層のなかから領主と作人が分化する過程を追跡し、明確を欠く延喜荘園整理令実施の成果について再吟味すべきことを主張する。

The weak point in the modern study of manorial management mainly on the Ukesaku 請作 is in the way of the tenant's acquisition of the cultivation right. The former study of manors overvalued the private possession of kubunden 口分田, konden 懇田 and jiden 治田 including the importance of Ukesaku 請作 to neglect the existence of tenants or to evaluate their effort for acquisition of the cultivation right. This article, with the opinion that at the beginning of the 10th century the cultivation right for long period was authorized for the first time and Denchi-rikken 田地立券 by Hyakushômyô 百姓名 was checked, traces the process of the differentiation into landlords and tenants from the landed class which were looked upon as one body before the 10th century, and insists on the re-examination of the result in the enforcement of the adjustment law of Engi 延喜 Manor.