<論説>古代の土地売買について (中)

Abstract

前稿 (本誌48巻2号) で古代の土地売買の二義性-賃租と永売-の有する問題点を指摘し、特に永売の起源を墾田の問題を介して通説より古く溯りうる事を考察した。引続き本稿では、売買の二義性を賃貸又は不動産質と売買の観念的未分化として更に明確にし、特に永売の不動産質的機能を買戻・転売等の事例を通じて分析すると共に、不動産質の基礎をなす利息付消費貸借としての出挙の機能を追究し、次項の永売の不動産質的機能の考察の準備をした。此等の考察を通じて律令制国家権力が私的債務契約に及ぼす抑制的作用が明かになり、次稿の土地所有権の考察につながる筈である。

In our last article (this Journal, vol.48, no.2) we pointed out some questions in the duality----lease and sale----of the land dealing in ancient Japan, especially explaining the earlier origin of sale than the accepted theory through the problem of Konden 墾田. In succession, this article, considering the duality of dealing as an ideal unspecialization between lease or real estate pawn and dealing, examines the function of sale as real estate pawn through repurchase and resale, and also inquires into the function of Suiko 出挙 which as a consumption loan with interest was the basis of real estate pawn; this is also the preparation for our consideration on the function of real estate pawn of sale in the next article, connecting with the coming examination of landholding by this explanation of the controling action of the Ritsuryô 律令 state power to the private debt contracts.