戦前期京都風致地区内の宅地造成の許可・指導にみる景観形成と技術的方策

Abstract

本研究は，戦前期京都の風致地区内の許可・指導の事例から，三山の山裾部の開発における景観形成の実態を明らかにするとともに，用いられた具体的な技術的方策について明らかにするものである．本研究の結果，風致地区内の宅地造成では，眺望や土地の状況に応じて，積極的な風致増進を図る行政指導にともなう設計変更が行われ，無断施工でも可能な限りの修景が施されたことを明らかにした．許可申請書の内容分析から，12の景観形成・誘導の方策と5つの類型を見出し，昭和初期から，現行制度の許可基準に相当する，場合によってはより厳格な運用がなされていたことを示した．これらの方策を活用し，境界部の自然の連続性，樹間から見える屋根のつながり，自然素材の美を保全・創出し，周辺環境と調和した開発の誘導が図られたことを示した．

This study aims at revealing landscaping formations and technical measures from view of permission and guidance of residential area development in Kyoto scenic districts during prewar period. The results are shown as below. Administrative officers instructed applicants to change the design to improve the beauty of the scenery according to the view and landscape. The area designed without permission were landscaped as much as possible. Twelve techniques have been discovered, which can be categorized into five types. In the early Showa period when the Scenic Districts were established, landscape formation and guidance were equivalent or more strict compared to the current permission standards. With landscape formations and guidances according to the site view, people in charge had achieved the harmony of natural landscape at the boundary part by making roofs visible through trees, and using natural materials for buildings and structures.