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Title: BCI training to move a virtual hand reduces phantom limb pain: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Yanagisawa, Takufumi
Fukuma, Ryohei
Seymour, Ben
Tanaka, Masataka
Hosomi, Koichi
Yamashita, Okito
Kishima, Haruhiko
Kamitani, Yukiyasu  kyouindb  KAKEN_id  orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-8268 (unconfirmed)
Saitoh, Youichi
Author's alias: 神谷, 之康
Issue Date: 28-Jul-2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Journal title: Neurology
Volume: 95
Issue: 4
Start page: e417
End page: e426
Abstract: Objective: To determine whether training with a brain–computer interface (BCI) to control an image of a phantom hand, which moves based on cortical currents estimated from magnetoencephalographic signals, reduces phantom limb pain. Methods: Twelve patients with chronic phantom limb pain of the upper limb due to amputation or brachial plexus root avulsion participated in a randomized single-blinded crossover trial. Patients were trained to move the virtual hand image controlled by the BCI with a real decoder, which was constructed to classify intact hand movements from motor cortical currents, by moving their phantom hands for 3 days (“real training”). Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after training, and at follow-up for an additional 16 days. As a control, patients engaged in the training with the same hand image controlled by randomly changing values (“random training”). The 2 trainings were randomly assigned to the patients. This trial is registered at UMIN-CTR (UMIN000013608). Results: VAS at day 4 was significantly reduced from the baseline after real training (mean [SD], 45.3 [24.2]–30.9 [20.6], 1/100 mm; p = 0.009 < 0.025), but not after random training (p = 0.047 > 0.025). Compared to VAS at day 1, VAS at days 4 and 8 was significantly reduced by 32% and 36%, respectively, after real training and was significantly lower than VAS after random training (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Three-day training to move the hand images controlled by BCI significantly reduced pain for 1 week. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that BCI reduces phantom limb pain.
Rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/254198
DOI(Published Version): 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009858
PubMed ID: 32675074
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