<研究ノート>チャガタイ・ウルスとカラウナス＝ニクダリヤーン : 『歴史集成』「チャガタイ・ハン紀」の再検討

Abstract

In my previous article "Chaghatay Khānate and Qarā'unās", I discussed a "people" known as the Qarā'unās or Nikūdariyān, that comprised several nomadic tribes who spread across the northern and eastern regions of Afghanistan during the 13th and 14th centuries. I argued that the Qarā'unās (Nikūdariyān) were originally the nomadic armed forces of 2 tümän whom the second Great khān of Yeke Mongrol Ulus Ӧgötäy (1229-41), had sent to the border lands of Kashmir and India, the frontier of the region Yeke Mongrol Ulus had conquered before, to form part of the frontier defense force called tamma. I also argued that by the end of the 13th century, the Qarā'unās (Nikūdariyān) became a major portion of the Ulūs-i Chagatay under Chaghatāy khān Dūā (1282/3-1307), and the regions they nomadized were subordinated to the Chaghatāy Khānate (Study of World History, vol. 242, Yamakawa Publishing Company, Tokyo, 2015 : 1-16 [in Japanese]). However, this work had several unsettled issues that needed to be resolved by producing supporting evidence. Specifically, since a key source of my study which was printed texts of "Dāstān-i Chaghatāy Khān" that is part of Rashīd al-Dīn's (died 1318) Jāmi' al-Tawārīkh did not undergo a careful revision of the primary manuscripts before publication of the texts and the accuracy of their statements are doubtful; moreover, there are contradictory statements among the accounts of the text itself. In the present work, I revised old and new texts of "Dāstān-i Chaghatāy Khān" as well as the manuscripts they used in order to clarify the problems above. I then attempt to revisit the history of the Chaghatay Khānate by re-examining the problematic statements in "Dāstān-i Chaghatāy Khān" and discussing what type of "nation" the Ulūs-i Chagatay and Chaghatay Khānate were in light of this re-examination. Finally, I provide another overview of the dissolution of the nomadic people known as Qarā'unās (Nikūdariyān) and, as before, re-examine the problematic statements in "Dāstān-i Chaghatāy Khān" to remap the process whereby the Qarā'unās (Nikūdariyān) were subsumed into the Ulūs-i Chagatay by the end of the 13th century.