<研究ノート>カシミール史料におけるミールザー・ハイダル

Abstract

The Moġūl military chief Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥaydar Duġlāt first made a campaign in Kashmir in the late autumn of 1532 CE as a chief commander of Sulṭān Sa'īd Hān of the Moġūlistān Khanate, and stayed in the valley until that following spring. Seven years later, in 1540, Mīrzā Ḥaydar set forth again from Lahore to conquer Kashmir in response to an invitation by Kashmiri indigenous potentates. After taking control in early 1541, he spent his last ten years in the valley. Mīrzā Ḥaydar's first campaign and days of de facto rule with a puppet sulṭān were recorded by four Sanskrit and Persian sources from Kashmir, which were composed beginning in the early sixteenth century until the first quarter of the seventeenth century. This paper provides a Japanese translation of these four sources from Kashmir that refer to Mīrzā Ḥaydar's activity in the valley, demonstrating new findings that have not been discussed in previous studies, as follows : 1) the Rājatarangiṇī of Śuka contributes to restoring the route in Kashmir that the Moġūls took over during the 1532-33 campaign, and identifying the location where the Moġūls and Kashmiri troops battled. 2) The Appendix B and the Bahāristan-i Šāhī describe Mīrzā Ḥaydar's unstable sovereignty over indigenous potentates in the early 1540s. In addition, the latter source further narrates an episode of his compromising attitude toward the Nūrbahšiyya owing to his unstable sovereignty. 3) The Tārīh-i Kašmīr of Sayyid 'Alī and the Bahāristan-i Šāhī both provided the date of Mīrzā Ḥaydar's death : Ḏū al-Qa'da 7 or 8, 957 Hijri/November 17 or 18, 1550. This date is about one year earlier than the date of his death that has been generally accepted in previous studies as 958/1551.