<研究ノート>『揚州十日記』の清末・民国期における受容

Abstract

On the 25th day of the fourth month of the Shunzhi reign (1645), after the fall of Yangzhou 揚州, the Qing army began to massacre the soldiers and civilians in the city, and the slaughter lasted until May 5. This incident, known as Ten Days in Yangzhou 揚州十日, was a famous tragedy of the Ming-Qing transition. Wang Xiuchu 王秀楚, who wrote A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou 揚州十日記, and his family were caught up in the siege, and only three of them survived. Less than 7000 characters, this book was secretly handed down in the form of handwritten copies for over 100 years, so the scope of its circulation was limited. However, because of its extremely provocative content, A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou was banned in 1780 by the Qianlong 乾隆emperor. With the end of the book prohibition movement of the Qianlong era, handwritten copies of A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou first reappeared in the Jiangnan area. During the Daoguang 道光(1821-1850) era, it was published in a wooden-type edition, compiled as a part of book series titled Mingji Baishi 明季稗史 and Jingtuo Yishi 荊駝逸史. After 1887, the Tushu Jicheng Yinshuju 図書集成印書局, located in Shanghaiʼs foreign concession上 海租界, republished a large number of a stereotype edition of A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou, which was based on the Daoguang edition. As a result, the book became easily accessible to the general public. Around 1903, Chinese students in Japan used A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou to promote the national revolution. At the same time, Anti-Manchuism, represented by the ideology of taking revenge down to the ninth generation 九世復讐論, was also popularized by Chinese students in Japan through the versions in Luchen Congshu 陸沈叢書 and the Chinese Vernacular Journal 中国白話報published in Shanghai. After the Revolution in 1911 辛亥革命, the popularity of A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou declined, but reemerged in the late 1930s amidst the Sino-Japanese conflict. The transmission and reception history of A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou reflects the conditions of each era.