<論文>17世紀のオスマン朝における漕手徴発 --ボル郡における事例分析を通して--

Abstract

The levy of oarsman was one of the avarız (extraordinary) taxes in the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, reaya (ruled class) were levied. In the seventeenth century, sancak (sub-province) which was ordered most often it was the Bolu one with the Bolu kazası (district). It was performed under the supervisin of the kadi (judge in an Islamic court), as the responsibility of the district. Firstly, for setting the levy unit ordered by the government, villages were grouped according to the following original understanding, 1) to form a group in each area ― nefs-i Bolu, sazak and Gökçesu area ―, 2) to form a group in neighboring villages, 3) to permit to form a group beyond the area boundaries in regard to the villages near the area boundaries, 4) to avoid the fragmentation of the avarızhane (group of households liable for extraordinary tax) as much as possible, 5) to form a group around the large village of the number of the avarızhane, and after this work assignment register was prepared. Secondly, oarsmen and their guarantors were determined through the mutual consultation in each group described in the assignment register. But oarsmen were obtained from other groups in the almost half groups of the all ones. Az for their guarantors, almost were occupied by people from the same village as them. It seems that reayaʼs evasive tendency was considerably strong. Therefore, existence of a human network was indispensable for securing oarsman. By the way, the naib (assistant judge) generally came to perform the duties of the kadi in the second half of the seventeenth century. However, the term in his office was short, and besides he was busy. So, role played by ayan (local notables) more and more increased in importance. In addition, the system which was adapted in the levy of oarsman is considered a common system in the levy of the reaya, because it was adapted in the one of the nefir-i am (general call to arms) and the server of the wood transportation, too.