<論文>近世イランにおける預言者の血と王家の血 --『ダーウード家詩篇』に見る王権と系譜--

Abstract

In January 1750, a man named Mīrzā Sayyed Moḥammad was enthroned in Mashhad as a Safavid king, declaring himself Shāh Soleymān II. However, he was not a direct paternal descendant of the Safavid house and was linked to the royal family only through his mother. He also claimed that he was a paternal descendant of the Marʻashīs, a local sayyed dynasty that ruled the province of Mazandaran from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Why was he able to claim the Safavid kingship? Was the royal familyʼs maternal line that important, or did people trust his sayyed blood, which originated from the prophet Muḥammad? This paper provides context to Soleymān IIʼs coronation and explores the relation between kingship and genealogy in 18th-century Iran. The primary source of this study is the Zabūr-e Āl-e Dāvūd, compiled by Moḥammad Hāshem Mīrzā, son of Shāh Soleymān II. Here, Āl-e Dāvūd (Davūd family) refers to the family of Mīrzā Moḥammad Dāvūd, father of Shāh Soleymān II. The author traces their family tree from Amīr Qavām al-Dīn I (d. 1379), the first Marʻashī ruler in Mazandaran. However, a comparison of the workʼs contents with other sources would lead one to conclude that the evidence presented by Moḥammad Hāshem Mīrzā regarding their Marʻashī origin is relatively weak. One late 17th-century source even regarded their family as the “sayyeds of lace-sellers, ” which appears unrelated to the Marʻashīs. Their claim of Marʻashī roots surged in the 18th century, when Safavid pretenders tried to assert their rule after Isfahan fell in 1722. Although they considered the Safavid maternal lineage as more important than Marʻashī paternal lineage, they needed the latterʼs ancestry to claim kingship.