日中戰爭初期華北における佛敎同願會の成立と對日協力

Abstract

This paper addresses the relationship between Japan's religious policy and puppet state under Japanese empire in North China through an examination of the activity of The Fojiao Tongyuanhui (Buddhist Society for Shared Goals), which was established at Beijing in December 1938. The Fojiao Tongyuanhui was established by the provisional government of the Republic of China and Buddhists in North China. Anchin Khutkhtu, who was Tulku, became president of the organization. The vice-chairman Wang Yitang managed the practical affairs of the society. He built up the organization with Yoshizumi Yoshii, who belonged to the Japanese Kogi Shingon school. Wang later became a vice-chairman of New People's Society in North China. The Fojiao Tongyuanhui's aim was to conduct Buddhist missionary work and to interact with Buddhist organizations in Japan. The Asia Development Board, which managed Japanese policy for the occupation of China, provided assistance to the society. The Asia Development Board originally planned to name a Japanese advisor. However, as there was opposition from within the Fojiao Tongyuanhui, the society became an exclusively Chinese organization. As public safety in North China deteriorated in 1939, the Asia Development Board continued its financial support in order to reinforce cooperation through Buddhism and had Ōtani Eijun and Hayashi Hikoaki become advisors as the Fojiao Tongyuanhui came under its control. Chinese priests protested the reorganization of Fojiao Tongyuanhui into a political organization. They objected to the alliance with Japanese Buddhists in the name of the New Order in East Asia. But they were trapped in a dilemma unable to act except under a rubric of ideas that legitimized Japanese imperialism.