社会福祉の観点から見た高齢者における災害過程の解明

Abstract

新潟豪雨水害，中越地震を事例に，高齢者の変化・課題，対応の実態について調査した。結果，介護保険の担い手としてケアマネジャーは，地域の要援護者に対する災害時支援に有効に機能する存在であった事が明らかとなった。しかし災害時の活動は，専門職としての高いモラルと献身に支えられた活動であり，災害時の負担増は顕著であるため，災害対応従事者も含んだ地域での災害時ケアの仕組みを福祉と防災の間で推進する必要がある。

This study is aim for gathering the basic data of the response to elders and showing the necessity of constructing the discipline of disaster management care, the systematic approach to the disaster process of elders under the drastic social environmental changes. Two case studies were conducted to clarify the disaster process of the elders in two disasters. The major findings were as follows: 1) The care managers as the professionals licensed by the government-sponsored Long-Term Care Insurance System worked effectively to manage the needs of moving temporarily to care facilities, 2) 13% of elders, who moved to the care facilities as temporary shelters, still stayed in the care facilities 6 months after the impact. Those results suggested that care managers should be the more effective agent to respond elders in disasters; however, they need to learn the disaster process of elders.