<研究論文(原著論文)>スキャンロンの価値の反目的論

Abstract

Teleology of value is a view of the relationship between values and reasons. According to teleology, the primary bearers of value are states of affairs and all reasons that we have are ones to promote the best state of affairs. Anti-teleologists, on the other hand, hold that some kinds of value are not teleological. Anti-teleologists claim that some kinds of value require respect rather than promotion. However, the characterization of anti-teleology itself and its main concept, respecting value, have not been sufficiently discussed so far. This paper addresses this issue by examining the arguments of T. M. Scanlon, a leading exponent of anti-teleology. This paper clarifies the idea of anti-teleology and respecting value by introducing the distinction between forward-looking and backward-looking reasons. Anti-teleology of value is a position that recognizes the constitutive relation between backward-looking reasons and some values, and respecting values are ones with such constitutive relations.