汪兆銘南京國民政府下における學校敎育の展開

Abstract

This paper clarifies the education policies and conditions of the Wang Jingwei regime through an examination of historical materials and compares it with other regimes that ruled in modern China at various times and places. The Wang Jingwei regime had no influence on its troops, the business sector took a neutral stand, and the rural administration tended to operate autonomously. Furthermore, the Wang Jingwei regime failed to develop party organizations due to Japanese interference and lack of funding. In contrast, teachers were an important faction supporting the Wang Jingwei regime, and the regime therefore valued the teachers and gave impetus to the educational development. Today, many researchers (especially Chinese researchers) believe that education under the Wang Jingwei regime was “education for enslavement” that served the Japanese empire. However, this paper reveals that the content of the education and the ideology promoted by the Wang Jingwei regime was a Chinese nationalism that might even be termed cultural nationalism. The Wang Jingwei regime emphasized such Chinese nationalism in promoting its ideology and legitimacy. This was on the one hand, due to the fact that the Wang Jingwei regime aimed to gain the support of the general public, teachers and students, while on the other hand it was an expression of a spirit of resistance within its “collaboration”. The promotion of educational development under the Wang Jingwei regime tended towards publicity and mobilization, and the regime ultimately failed to solve the shortcomings of school education in the 1930s summed up by the words “graduation mean, unemployment, ” which had existed since early Republican times. Therefore, even though the Wang Jingwei regime emphasized “Chinese nationalism, ” it could not gain the support of the majority. Furthermore, the rule of Wang Jingwei regime could not penetrate local society. In contrast, the contemporary Chongqing Nationalist Government was able to successfully extend its rule through local society by linking education with its administration.