毛澤東の物語の成立と展開 --日中戰爭期から建國初期--

Abstract

The tales of Mao Zedong were gradually created after 1940 with the establishment of Mao's authority. Tales highlighting his humanity were created on the bases of testimony by a former Red Army officer. In concert with the creation of his biography, those tales were further developed, representing him in terms of the spirit of self-sacrifice and in the image of a benevolent leader of the people who put into practice the spirit of “a student of the people” who “served the people.” Especially after the Yan'an Rectification Campaign, those in educational settings, such as party members, soldiers, and youths, were taught to learn from Mao Zedong by reading those tales and to practice the spirit of Mao Zedong as exemplary members of society. In this way, Mao Zedong's right to interpret and determine the “will of the people” was supported by those who had received this systematic education. Thus we can confirm the process of the formation of the idea of the infallible, great leader who is well acquainted with “the will of the people” and embodies it as he has recovered it. This can be seen as confirming to the narrative structure in which the Son of Heaven who governs by the good will of Heaven recovers the will of the people due to the intention of Heaven. Premised on such a structure, tales of “loyalty coinciding with filial piety, ” which likened the benefits of Mao to the love of parents and asserted the legitimacy of such authority, were created and disseminated. In this process, Wang Ruowang, who continued to criticize the CCP from a liberal standpoint, seized the opportunity to create tales depicting the contemporary figure of Mao Zedong as deeply concerned with the people's life and death, using metaphors of blood relationships. The legend of the revolutionary Mao Zedong, which was created using the framework of folk religion, did not directly deify Mao Zedong, but indirectly expressed the workings of divine authority through the words and action of the people in those tales. Although the tales in the book did not directly target the strata who believed in such divinity, in the light of the logic of the popular slogan to “learn from the masses and work with the masses, ” the words and deeds of the people who worshiped their leader must be respected, and those tales promoted the deification of Mao Zedong through the pressure applied under the pretext of the people's will.