<論考>紛争下における人道支援 --トルコを起点とするシリア人ディアスポラ組織の展開--

Abstract

In Syria, the oppressive regime since the 1960s has led to the exodus and emigration of people. In addition, it is estimated that 6.8 million people fled the country due to the spillover of the Arab Spring in 2011 and the subsequent outbreak of civil war, and 6.7 million people remain displaced within the country. In countries they fled to, in addition to the existing networks of migrants who took root before the civil war, new communities and social relations are beginning to form. These various movements of Syrian refugees and the Syrian diaspora are becoming visible in the context of humanitarian assistance in the form of NGOs. These NGOs aid their fellow citizens in their refugee destinations and in Syria during the civil war. Turkey especially is bordered by northern areas of Syria such as Idlib province, which is the last stronghold of the Syrian opposition, and the border areas near the province are under Turkish occupation, allowing safe border crossings. Therefore, they are at the forefront of cross-border humanitarian assistance. In this paper, it refers to these organizations as Syrian Diaspora Organizations (DOs) and focus on their activities. The activities of the Syrian DOs are not limited to the provision of food and supplies, but also include sewage systems, housing for internally displaced persons, youth activities through education, and the operation of medical institutions, showing a strong will to play a role in rebuilding their “homeland”. In addition, as the civil war dragged on, many of the Syrian DOs were increasingly collaborating with the UN and international NGOs, and some were involved in international projects. In doing so, they are required to adhere to humanitarian principles and do not publicly express their political orientation. Although it is obvious that many of the Syrian DOs, which are registered as organizations outside the country and operate only in opposition held areas, are anti regime, they were able to collaborate with international NGOs and the UN by guaranteeing neutrality.