思辨論理の可能性に就いて (完)

Abstract

As philosophical logic includes by nature a radical quest for the necessity of logic itself, speculative logic must search into just such an unconditional necessity, and will form a circular motion from self to self. For that purpose the logos-negating non-rational principle must carry out a predominant function as an opposite moment to the self and others. This non-rational in general, appearing in various theoretical and practical forms, we may call “nature”, as Schelling did. The nature as self-supporting “natura naturans” shows its created and creative self-contradictory independence, the so-called derived absoluteness, which is so paradoxical that only through its logos-negating principle can it be the moment of securing the unconditional necessity of logic. Schelling says, “The conception of a derived absoluteness or divinity is so far from being contradictory that on the contrary it is the middle term of the whole philosophy.” (Schelling, Über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit) So the conception of the derived absoluteness of nature is considered to be the key to open the secret of speculative logic and of the system of philosophy founded on the unconditional principle. If, however, this conception is rejected by reason of its being contradictory, both of these should be given up. Hegel's nature did not go very much farther than “natura naturata”. That was why his system tended towards pan-logism and an emanation theory. In him the mind, which makes the mediating term unifying logic and nature, actually lost self-consciousness in spite of his insistence on it. The mind in such a state cannot endorse speculative logic; as a result, the truth of the Trinity and the individual mind standing face to face with it was also lost sight of. It may be said that Hegel's dialectic was insufficient as speculative logic. A system of philosophy that is to be established on and with speculative logic should not be a “negative philosophy”. Concerning this point, we can derive many good suggestions from Schelling's Weltalter, where he found the ultimate principle in the Divine Will, thus laying the foundation of his declared “positive philosophy”. His concept of nothingness in the freedom of the Divine Will may open a new vista to the development of speculative metaphysics.