ヘーゲル「法哲學」に於ける市民社會論について

Abstract

Every thought on society is formed not independently of the real society in history. The speculative philosophy of Hegel, which, as the philosophy of "absolute mind", had the authority of its truth in the transcendental speculation, was in fact, as our analysis tries to show, shaped by means of theoretical confrontation with the historical realities of the civil society of his time, with the aid of the theories on political economy of J. D. Stewart and Adam Smith; his idealism is seen to have been given dialectical character in this process of confrontation. He grasped the civil society, by his twofold method of dialectics and speculation, (I) as the process of dialectical movement between the two conflicting elements, universality and particularity, and at the same time (II) as the process of the development of Sittlichkeit, --and thus of the "absolute mind ", --in which a bourgeois should be formed into a citoyen, and at the end of which the civil society itself should be transformed into a harmonic political organism, which, according to him, was the "absolute state ". Such a theory of civil society is, as may well be observed, full of fallacies and illusions : but nevertheless we would note the remarkable progressive part he played in the German history of the early 19th century, in theory as well as in practice, in contrast with the reactionary part played by the so-called Romanticism of Novalis, Fr. v. Schlegel, A. H. Müller, etc.