ハイデッガーの根本經驗

Abstract

The 'Be-problem' (Seinsfrage) is exactly the unum necessarium in Heidegger's philosophy, and in his philosophical thinking all problems are essentially the Be-problem; the problem of "Be" becomes the thinker's "Be". Such way of his thinking derives from his fundamental experience, which means a 'happening' (Geschehen) where the "Be" reaveals itself as "Be-not-a-Being" and the "Be" itself thus becomes questionable. And this 'happening' happens in and as 'Beunto-death' (Sein zum Tode). To speak in another way, the Be-unto-death is neither the subjective consciousness of death nor the objective fact of death; it must be understood from the happening where the "Be" opens itself up as a problem. The Be-unto-death is the 'blow' (Stoss) by which our 'everyday way of being' (Alltäglichkeit) is overturned at the revelation of it's own fundamentum, and we, exposed to the meaningless reckless truth of death, experience our own "Be" as 'temporality' (Zeitlichkeit) and so become ourselves the 'destiny' (Schicksal) that is the 'genuine historicity' (eigentliche Geschichtlichkeit). That means for Heidegger the destiny where 'metaphysics' is experienced as 'the fundamental way of the Western existence' and, so experienced, becomes the inevitable question in and as his own existence. In other words, the essential "Be" of the Western world that has maintained itself unchangingly since the ancient Greece, has become a question through the revelation of it's own unseen essence at the time of the fulfilment of this essence, and the question has thus become the thinker's "existence". And hence the problem of the "Be ".