リチュルの價値判斷の問題性 (完)

Abstract

Christianity, so to speak, resembles not a circle described from a single centre, but an ellipse which is determined by two foci : the doctrine of One God on the one hand and the doctrine of salvation through Jesus Christ on the other hand. These two foci condition each other. A. Ritschl intended to understand both of them and constructs on the basis of such an understanding a systematic theology using a theologicalcritical method, which he had learned from Neo-Kantian philosophy. From the historical point of view, Ritschl's intention was to find a path somewhere between Protestant Orthodoxy, which emphasized the objectivity of theological knowledge, and Schleiermacher, who insisted upon its subjectivity. But such an intention was not fully developed in the Rechtfertigung und Versöhnung. His theory of value-judgement presupposes the devine grace, i. e., the revelation of the love of God through Jesus Christ, which has established the communication between God and man, Under--and notwithstanding--this presupposition, he confined the sphere of theological knowledge only to the doctrine of redemption, so that his two-foci-theory has proved to be one-sided. It seemed to Ritschl that to go beyond this limitation was a fruitless metaphysical gnosis. However his presupposition of devine grace remained after all a mere presupposition, as we find it throughout his works. If Ritschl had reexamined the result of his act of theological cognition in the light of his own presupposition, he would have attained the realization of his original insight. As a matter of fact, it may be said, in view of the result reached by himself, that his own presupposition has been lost in an anthropocentric system. But with regard to his original intention, we may say that his insight has its significance not only historically to the period in which he lived, but even to our present day. For example, this insight into theological-anthropological understanding of Christianity has been inherited by R. Bultmann through the Ritschlian W. Herrmann.