定言的命法の基礎

Abstract

Kant's "Deduktion" of the categorical imperative consists of four arguments. They are: (1) The formulae of the categorical imperative were discovered by analysing the implication of ordinary moral judgements and are accordingly the necessary conditions of all moral laws and judgements. (2) These principles are given us as "fact of pure reason". (3) We must presuppose in action that we are free. (4) This presupposition of freedom is not incompatible with the causal necessity which we know to prevail in nature. (1), (2) and (3) are Kant's moral philosophy and (4) is his theoretical philosophy. His moral philosophy stands, in itself, independent of his theoretical philosophy. The latter cannot discover and justify the moral principles. It only makes morality compatible with science by reconciling freedom with the causal necessity.