逸脱の行為 : 状況理論

Abstract

This paper attempts to construct a general theory of deviant behavior--i. e., a system of propositions that are applicable to all manifold varieties of deviance. This theory emphasizes the conjunction of both action-and social situation-variables in determining the deviant behavior. The actionvariables consist of a set of "goal", "normative regulation", "means" and "mobilization of motivation." The situation-valiables consist of "value", "norm", "facility" and "reward". What other persons do, moreover, makes an aspect of the situation of action for the actor. These variables, although real, are of analytical charactor rather than concrete. Certain combinations or mixes of these variables produce deviance. The theory of anomie, for inatance, is focussed on pressures toward deviant behavior arising from discrepancies among variables on the socio-cultural situation side. In this paper another phases are also outlined. Value conflict and group disorganization are therefore the source of deviance that is inherent in the structure of the situation itself--in other words, a structural source of deviance. We discuss the effect of socially structured strain upon the frequency and degree of deviant behevior, and treat the above-mentioned elements as determinants of this or that strain, as links in the chain of causation starting with the state of the social strain and terminating in the act of deviance.