知覚理論における機能主義の展開と知覚の問題

Abstract

This paper is to present an overview of discussions about the basic problems and theories on perception which have developed in this half century in various directions, especially with reference to the functionalistic standpoint, where perception was observed and analysed as an act or perceptual activity. I discussed the general background of functionalism as represented by William James(1890) and Harvey Carr(1935), and then the following topics were selected to be discussed as they would have important implications to the development of the modern theories of perception. 1 Basic characteristic and research method of perceptual knowledge system. 2 Problem of sensation and perception: 'Konstanzannahme' and constancy phenomenon. 3 Yatabe's perceptual theory of representative selection. 4 The main fields in perception of modern psychology. 5 The implication of perceptual constancy. 6 The perceptual constancy viewed from the transactional standpoint. 7 Researches of perception in cognitive theory: Woodworth's reinforcement theory, Hilgard's goals theory, Bruner and Postman's hypothesis or expectancy theory, Murphy and Solley's perceptual act and schemata theory, and the new theory of preparatory set. Current interpretations of perceptual activity were discussed in referece to four eminent psychologists: M. Imada, O. Miyagi, E. R. Hilgard, and G. A. Miller.