普遍の問題 : プラトンの見解とアリストテレスおよび現代分析学者たちの見解との比較

Abstract

It is the aim of the present study to examine, from a logical point of view, Plato's theory of Forms and compare it with the theories of universals of Aristotle and contemporary analytic-philosophers. The main contents are as follows. (1) An explication of Plato's use of the word 'being (ον)'. (2) The properties of the relations of σύμμειξις, κοινωνία and μέθεξις between Forms and of the relation of μέθεξις between Forms and sensible objects. (3) Criticisms on the theories of universals of Aristotle, B. Russell and J. M. Bochenski. (4) The distinction between general words (i. e. common nouns, verbs, adjectives and so on) in ordinary language and general terms (i. e. predicate signs and signs for sets) in logic and set theory. This is concluded from an examination of Quine's extentionalism, taking Wittgenstein's view on universals into consideration. (5) The distinction between Plato's Forms and Aristotelian universals (attributes). (6) The distinction between Plato's Forms and sets. (7) Platonic interpretation on predicate signs and signs for sets.