アントニオ・グラムシ 人と思想 : 現代社会理論とのかかわりで

Abstract

Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) is one of the most influential thinkers in the 20th century but his life and thoughts only started to received global attentions only in 1970s. After his main work "Prison Notebook (Quaderni del Carcere)" was published in 1975 with Valentino Gerratana's critical arrangement, Gramscian studies took a new turn and now his name carries relevance in many academic fields: history, literature, communication studies, pedagogy, cultural anthropology, sociology, economics, political sciences, theology, journalism studies, philosophy, geography and linguistics. In this paper, I argue about his social and cultural theories, focusing on his original key concepts and ideas as follows: absolute historicism, civil society, organic intellectuals, common sense, passive revolution, Jacobinism, and nationalpopular. I will continue by discussing the impact of Gramscian thought on contemporary social and cultural theories including Neo-Marxian state theories, regulation approach, cultural studies, post-colonial studies, subaltern studies and gender studies. In conclusion, I approach to his unique perspectives on history and society, referring to his absolute historicism and endless-continuous social change strategy.