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Sino.Tibetan.lang_5_001.pdf | 2.24 MB | Adobe PDF | 見る/開く |
タイトル: | Negation in the Sino-Tibetan Context --A Brief Introduction-- |
著者: | HAYASHI, Norihiko |
著者名の別形: | 林, 範彦 |
キーワード: | Negation Sino-Tibetan Typology Historical Linguistics Areal Linguistics 否定 汉藏语 类型学 历史语言学 地域语言学 |
発行日: | 15-Feb-2022 |
出版者: | Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University |
誌名: | Grammatical Phenomena of Sino-Tibetan Languages 5: Diversity of Negation |
開始ページ: | 1 |
終了ページ: | 39 |
抄録: | This paper is a brief overview of the typological features of negation in the Sino-Tibetan (ST) languages (with two branches, Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman languages), utilizing the data of many previous descriptive works and data I gathered by myself. This paper discusses the features of phonology, word order, tense/aspect, morphology, syntax/semantics, and illocutionary acts. Phonologically, Sinitic languages usually have plosive and nasal onsets for negative morphemes, while Tibeto-Burman (TB) languages mostly have negative forms derived from Proto-Tibeto-Burman (PTB) *ma-. Most Sinitic and TB languages are of the preverbal negation type, whereas postverbal negation type can be found in Northeast India and Bangladesh, the double type (cooccurring preverbal and postverbal negatives) can be found in Nepal and in Karenic languages. Some Sinitic and TB languages employ different forms for tense/aspect distinctions that show suppletion or vowel alternation, whereas Burmese “tense” distinctions are neutralized in negation. Many TB negative morphemes are morphologically clitics or affixes. The negative markers in some ST languages are fused with the copula, auxiliary verbs, or aspectual markers. As for semantic features, some languages with negative-polarity items, such as Mandarin and Duhumbi, have a structural “double negative, ” which is construed as single negation. Many ST languages mostly have prohibitive forms derived from PTB *ta ⪤ *da, while some languages, such as Burmese, utilize concordance with a sentence-final marker to represent the prohibitive. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/275705 |
出現コレクション: | 5 : 否定の多様性 |
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