第1章 : シンガポールと香港をつなぐ教科書供給ネットワークの形成と展開

Abstract

新加坡從1910年代中期開始，成為向馬來亞和東南亞其他地區的華語學校供應教科書的中心。起初，新加坡依靠上海的供應，但在1945年底以後，變得越來越依賴香港，從1949年起，香港成為其唯一的供應來源。香港有從中國南下的文藝工作者和教育工作者，還有高超的印刷技術和低廉的勞動力成本。1950年代末，新加坡和馬來亞嚴格限制從中國進口書籍後，以香港為來源的教科書供應路線成為採購華文書籍的供應管道。一些文學工作者將他們的基地從香港轉移到新加坡和馬來亞。另一方面，1950年代末開始，新加坡國內越來越多的人認為香港對新加坡印刷業的發展構成威脅，新加坡使用的教科書應該在新加坡印刷。新加坡政府致力發展印刷業，到1970年代初，新加坡已經具備了製作教科書的設備和人力，再加上從香港移居新加坡的文學工作者的支持，使得新加坡能夠在國內製作教科書。

In the mid-1910s, Singapore became a centre for the supply of textbooks to Chinese schools in Malaya and other parts of Southeast Asia. While Singapore initially relied upon Shanghai for its supply, after 1945, it became increasingly dependent upon Hong Kong, which became its sole source of supply after 1949. Hong Kong was home to many of the literati and educators who had migrated from China. Hong Kong had also made considerable printing technology advances, and labour costs there were low. After the import of books from China was severely restricted in Singapore and Malaya in the late 1950s, the textbook supply route from Hong Kong also became the general book supply route. Thereafter, some of the literati moved their bases from Hong Kong to Singapore and Malaya. However, from the late 1950s onwards, there was growing consensus in Singapore that Hong Kong was a threat to the development of Singapore's printing industry and that textbooks for use in Singapore should be printed in Singapore. The Singapore government subsequently made efforts to develop the printing industry, and by the early 1970s, Singapore had the equipment and workforce to produce its own textbooks. This change was partly supported by those literati who had moved from Hong Kong to Singapore and Malaya.