Numerical and Experimental Studies on Choked Underexpanded Jets

Abstract

Axisymmetric underexpanded supersonic jets are investigated numerically and experimentally. A time-dependent technique of solution is applied to solve the Euler equations for a compressible ideal gas. The characteristics of the Mach disk obtained by the numerical calculations are compared with the experiments, and a good agreement is obtained. It is shown that the numerical results are very sensitive to the choice of the boundary conditions imposed on the artificially introduced numerical boundaries. The boundary condition giving the best results is found to be the ambient gas condition. It is shown that the global jet structure with a nearly regular shock pattern, wich is stable and steady itself, is destabilized by the vortex rings (Kelvin-Helmholtz roll-up) on the jet boundary. These vortices produce shocks inside the jet, which are convected downstream with the eddies. This strongly suggests that a time-independent or a time-converged solution cannot be expected without making a suitable time-averaging of the time-dependent solutions.