ウィーン・マリアヒルファー通りにおける歩車共存道路の実現過程と合意形成：歩行者中心の道路空間への再編

Abstract

近年，歩行者中心の道路空間への再編が注目されており，歩行者の自由な滞留や歩行など場所性の機能を実現しつつ，車によるアクセス性や安全性を確保し，合意形成を導くための，実践的方法論の構築が求められている．本研究では，欧州最大規模の歩車共存道路を実現したマリアヒルファー通りの事例を対象とし，計画調整と合意形成の過程の分析を通じて以下の知見を得た．1) 空間の活用を優先する調整管理，検討案の評価において，市民参加・社会実験が大きな役割を果たした．2) 歩車共存の計画・設計においては，アクセス性と安全性の調整が重要な課題であり，利用者による自律的な安全性の確保とその制度運用によって実現した．3) 合意形成においては，調整の段階ごとに適切な関係主体を同定・招集し，主体間の相補的な対話を導くことが有効であった．

In recent years, street redesigning projects have been planned and implemented to create pedestrian-friendly cities. In order to realize attractive places through the redesign of urban street spaces, practical methodologies are required to enhance the possibility of pedestrians’ space utilisation while ensuring accessibility by automobiles, etc. and traffic safety, and leading to social consensus building. This study details the process for planning and designing coordination and consensus building through the case of Mariahilferstrasse, which is one of the large shared spaces developed in Europe based on the new traffic rule called 'Begegnungszone'. Specifically, the following findings were obtained. (i) Public participation and pilot projects enable the setting of study conditions that prioritise space utilisation, the management of coordination and the qualitative evaluation of provisional proposals. (ii) In realizing shared spaces in the city centre, it is important to coordinate traffic accessibility and safety, and the key point is the realization of autonomous traffic safety by all street users and the flexible operation of the traffic calming rule. (iii) Identifying and convening the appropriate stakeholders involved at each stage of coordination and guiding a complementary dialogue between these actors contribute to achieving consensus building.