Crossover Sorption of C₂H₂/CO₂ and C₂H₆/C₂H₄ in Soft Porous Coordination Networks

Abstract

Porous sorbents are materials that are used for various applications, including storage and separation. Typically, the uptake of a single gas by a sorbent decreases with temperature, but the relative affinity for two similar gases does not change. However, in this study, we report a rare example of “crossover sorption, ” in which the uptake capacity and apparent affinity for two similar gases reverse at different temperatures. We synthesized two soft porous coordination polymers (PCPs), [Zn₂(L1)(L2)₂]n (PCP-1) and [Zn₂(L1)(L3)₂]n (PCP-2) (L1= 1, 4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, L2=5-methyl-1, 3-di(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, and L3=5-methoxy-1, 3-di(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene). These PCPs exhibits structural changes upon gas sorption and show the crossover sorption for both C₂H₂/CO₂ and C₂H₆/C₂H₄, in which the apparent affinity reverse with temperature. We used in situ gas-loading single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis to reveal the guest inclusion structures of PCP-1 for C₂H₂, CO₂, C₂H₆, and C₂H₄ gases at various temperatures. Interestingly, we observed three-step single-crystal to single-crystal (sc-sc) transformations with the different loading phases under these gases, providing insight into guest binding positions, nature of host–guest or guest-guest interactions, and their phase transformations upon exposure to these gases. Combining with theoretical investigation, we have fully elucidated the crossover sorption in the flexible coordination networks, which involves a reversal of apparent affinity and uptake of similar gases at different temperatures. We discovered that this behaviour can be explained by the delicate balance between guest binding and host–guest and guest-guest interactions.