長期的運営の実現にむけた明治以降の日本の植物園関連施設数の変遷と要因の分析

Abstract

A quantitative survey focusing on the installation and closure of several botanical gardens in Japan was conducted to clarify the changes and factors evident between the Meiji to the Heisei era (1868-2019). 216 botanical garden-related facilities were surveyed, these were members of the Japan Association of Botanical Gardens, which is the only botanical garden organization in Japan. After World War II, the number of botanical gardens in Japan almost quadrupled and continued to increase until the early 2000s, after which it declined. A comparison of the transition of the number of three types of establishers, school, public, and private, indicated a difference in each category. Especially during the latter half of the 1970s, which denoted a big difference in the total number of the three groups. The transition by establisher type and the different open periods possibly led to the diversity of the botanical gardens in Japan. Currently, the total number of private and public gardens has decreased over time with the closure of private gardens is at more than half, so a safety net for collections is necessary. Since the correlation between age and closure rate was significant in public gardens, which currently occupy the majority, it showed that long-term management will be possible by regularly renovating facilities and reviewing policies.