<論文>戸籍制度による中国流動労働者の教育リターンの格差 --地域分断の視点から--

Abstract

Since the Reform and Opening-Up, significant changes have occurred in the factors influencing the status attainment of Chinese workers. Ascriptive factors such as social class became less influential in determining social status, while the importance of achievement-oriented factors like performance and capability increased. Nevertheless, structural factors still have a major influence on individuals' status attainment, such as the hukou system, which divides people into different groups according to where their household is registered. The discriminatory household registration system contributes to the urban-rural divide (URD), which denotes that urban workers enjoy advantages over rural migrant workers in aspects such as education, healthcare, and social security, leading to them having a higher socioeconomic status (SES). Furthermore, it is pointed out that the URD weakened the socio-economic status returns that education levels bring to rural migrant workers. With the recent reform of the hukou system, the nature of the urban-rural divide has evolved, giving rise to a regional division characterized by distinctions between locals and migrants. Therefore, from the perspective of regional division, this study utilizes data from CGSS2017 and employs multiple linear regression to investigate whether the regional division influences the educational return. It was found that the SES of urban migrant workers is still higher than that of rural migrant workers and there is no significant socio-economic status difference observed between urban local workers and urban migrant workers. Comparatively, urban migrant workers exhibit higher educational returns than rural migrant workers. There is no significant difference in educational returns between urban migrant workers and urban local workers. The influence of URD persists in the status attainment of Chinese workers, and the effects of regional division are not confirmed.