淺談漢代東部、北部方言的動態變化

Abstract

This paper focuses on the Former Han Dynasty's Eastern and Northern Chinese dialects, using Yang Xiong's “Fangyan” as linguistic material. It also discusses the distance between these and other dialects. Additionally, it estimates the historical changes that occurred in these Eastern and Northern dialects during or before the Former Han Dynasty. Specifically, it employs the method of “frequency of shared or distinct vocabularies among dialects” and highlights two main points: (1) The “Dongqi-Haidai” dialect in the East is closer linguistically to the geographically distant “Qin- Jin” dialect than to neighboring ones like “Lu, ” “Song, ” and “Zhao.” (2) The northern “Beiyan” and the “Chaoxian” dialects are extremely close linguistically. However, only the “Chaoxian” dialect exhibits an extremely distant linguistic relationship with “Dongqi-Haidai.” Based on these points, phenomenon (1) likely resulted from dialects like “Lu, ” “Song, ” and “Zhao” being influenced by groups situated to their south. Meanwhile, phenomenon (2) is inferred to originate from the “Beiyan” dialect influenced by southern groups. In contrast, the “Chaoxian” dialect seems to have been minimally influenced. Additionally, the paper makes two assertions regarding the Chinese dialects of the Western Han period: (3) Vocabulary distributed in the “Beiyan” and “Chaoxian” dialects displays distinctive formal characteristics, with a higher proportion of non-monosyllabic words compared to other dialects. This tendency is particularly evident in “Yan zhi jiaowai, ” a part of the “Beiyan” dialect. (4) Wang Qiming (1993) argued that an overlap exists in the distribution areas of Yang Xiong's “Dongqi” and “Qi” dialects. However, after conducting an analysis using the “frequency of shared or distinct vocabularies among dialects” method, this paper disagrees and considers both to refer to different regional dialects.