目錄學・哲學・史學 --顧頡剛の學術志向の轉換と章學誠への評價--

Abstract

Gu Jiegang 顧頡剛 described in detail in his preface to the first volume of Symposium on Ancient Chinese History (Gushibian 古史辨) how he began his academic pursuits and the study of ancient history, but the newly published The Complete Works of Gu Jiegang, including his reading notes (1914-1917) and correspondence from that period, make it possible to trace the thinking of Gu in his early years. According to these documents, when Gu was a student in the Preparatory Department of the Peking University, he was first influenced by Zhang Xuecheng 章學誠 and Zhang Binglin 章炳麟 to pursue the study of critical bibliography and tried to systematically grasp an overall picture of past Chinese scholarship. When he entered the Department of Philosophy, he was inspired by Chen Daqi 陳大齊in Western philosophy and Chen Hanzhang 陳漢章 in the history of Chinese philosophy to pursue philosophy as the fundamental academic discipline that integrates various specialized fields and seeks universal principles. He was later influenced by Hu Shi's 胡適 lectures on the outline of the history of Chinese philosophy, and became devoted to historiography, but he regarded studies of bibliography as the premise of historiography and repositioned Zhang Xuecheng as a scholar who could show the methods of scientific historiography. This new positioning was quite biased in perception of Zhang's scholarship. In the academic shift from bibliographic studies to philosophy and then from philosophy to history, Gu consistently strove for a systematic scholarly understanding, but in studies of bibliography, the system of knowledge dealt with China of the past and was thus geographically and chronologically limited, but philosophy was the pursuit of a system of knowledge that was logical and based on universal principles, not limited to a single region or period of China in the past, and in historiography, those spatial and logical systems were transformed into a temporal system. On the other hand, the century-old problem of how to reposition the specialized fields of learning, which had been established in the Qianjia period, as well as the modern sciences of Western origin within the structure of knowledge overlapped with Gu's interest in studies of bibliography and philosophy, but because history and science came to be directly linked, this aspect of the issue was instead overlooked.