<論文>「イスティドゥアーによるイジャーザ」に基づく15世紀ウラマーの名目的関係構築

Abstract

This study focuses on constructing nominal master-disciple relationships among ‘ulamā' (religious intellectuals) in the late Mamluk period, as discovered by digital humanities methodologies. The 15th-century biographical dictionaries show that ijāzas (licenses), referred to as ‘istid‘ā' (prayer)', were granted collectively through intermediaries from remote locations. While ordinary ijāzas were usually granted in a one-to-one relationship between a master (grantor) and a disciple (recipient/requestor), ijāzas by istid‘ā' were strongly collective (many to many), being granted collectively by multiple masters, following the request of an intermediary figure. A requestor with influential connections within the ‘ulamā' would request ijāzas by writing their name at the forefront of a list, with the names of their blood relatives, disciples, acquaintances, and offspring. By aligning themselves with this practice of nominal relationship building, recipients could easily gain advantageous positions within the scholarly lineage. Istid‘ā' of influential scholars during their riḥla (travelling) was an act of extending existing networks through the people with whom they had academic exchanges in various cities. Consequently, appending one's name to ijāza petitions during r became an efficient method for constructing nominal relationships with esteemed scholars from distant locations. The ijāzas obtained through istid‘ā' were nominal, similar to those granted during infancy. However, istid‘ā' could be requested even after adulthood and establishing a scholarly reputation. In other words, it was an option to construct and expand master-disciple relationships voluntarily within the scholarly lineage. Consequently, the conventionalisation of istid‘ā' was a foundation for maintaining a strong scholarly lineage and fostering the groundwork for the next generation of scholars.