秦代縣尉小考 --その職掌よりみた占領統治の實態--

Abstract

Through analyzing the official duties of the prefectural commandant in the Qin dynasty and clarifying the division of roles between the commandant's office and other officials, this paper discusses the characteristics of the Qin occupational administration. The target of discussion in chapter 1 is the theory that the prefectural commandant held the authority over personnel affairs. Detailed examinations of the grounds of this theory reveals that although the prefectural commandant was in charge of appointing subordinate officials under their direct control and managing the number of working days of officials, he didn't hold the full authority over the entire process of personnel affairs. In the next chapter, the composition of the subordinates who assisted the prefectural commandant is analyzed, and the relative independence of the commandant's office from the director of the prefecture is confirmed. Subsequently, among the official duties of prefectural commandant, three of them are picked up, that is, (1) managing soldiers' service days, (2) supervising the local community and gathering information from it, and (3) maintaining the records of social ranks and official careers. Actually, the prefectural commandant was involved in personnel affairs just as a part of these three duties. In conclusion, it can be said that the prefectural commandants, including other commandants in the different levels of administration, were primarily in charge of “manpower” management. In the very early stages of the occupation, it was the commandants who were responsible for governing the new territories, and while they could depend on the goods supplied from the outside, they had to manage the people living in the newly occupied territories, as well as the soldiers. Although the framework of Qin local administrative system tended to be categorized “civil” and “military”, it should be reexamined from the viewpoint of “manpower” and “goods”, in other words, the division of roles between the combat sector and logistics.