アンリ・ベルクソンとジーナ・ロンブローゾ --『道徳と宗教の二源泉』の産業技術論--

Abstract

In the 4th chapter of his last chief work: The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (1932), Henri Bergson (1859-1941) refers to Gina Lombroso's (1872-1944) book: titled The Tragedies of the Progress (1931) ― its original title in Italian is Le tragedie del progresso meccanico (1930). She is a daughter of Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), who is founder of the Italian school of criminology and famous as the author of Criminal Man (original title is L'uomo delinquente (1878)). She leaves various types of books and especially she writes many books about the female condition and then criticizes the industrialism which brings much trouble in the lives of women. But now her writings have been almost forgotten and there are hardly preceding studies on her works. Therefore, we ask how her thought influenced Bergson's ideas and notions which appear in his last chief book. In order to make this question clear, we check the text of The Two Sources, in which Bergson mentions her book. We give an overview of her career and we examine their litters included in Bergson's Correspondences (2002). And then we analyze and summarize her book The Tragedies, so as to comprehend the point of her argument. In the end, we compare the argument of The Two Sources and that of The Tragedies, so that we clarify the commonalities and differences between their thought. We conclude that Gina Lombroso not only gives the examples to Bergson's discussion, but also provides the frame of problems and the network of concepts to the Bergson's arguments in The Two Sources.