<サーヴェイ論文>分析的政治哲学における自由の見取り図

Abstract

Freedom is one of the most important values in political philosophy. The state's interference with individual freedoms requires justification. While the normative importance of freedom is widely acknowledged, the nature of freedom is understood in significantly different ways among theorists. This survey paper provides an overview of the debate on the interpretation of freedom. In Section 1, I examine the varied uses of the term “freedom” and how political philosophers distinguish their usage from one another. I then introduce Gerald MacCallum's analysis of freedom as a triadic relation to illustrate the key points of disagreement among philosophers. Sections 2 and 3 offer an overview of debates on the interpretation of freedom, focusing on disagreements regarding: (1) the strength of constraints, (2) the sources of constraints, (3) the robustness of constraints, (4) exception clauses for constraints, and (5) the range of actions to which freedom and unfreedom are attributed. In Section 4, I clarify the taxonomy of freedom, widely accepted categorization of the interpretations of freedom in political philosophy. I explain positive freedom, (purely) negative freedom, republican freedom, and moralized freedom, highlighting the commonalities and differences in each category. In conclusion, I briefly discuss how to settle the ongoing debates on the interpretation of freedom.